＂Clean field rice＂ becomes ＂good heart＂ for scientific farming, which is more worry-free. Shenzhen biological breeding technology changes traditional farming mode and promotes seed industry revitaliza
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Agricultural power is the foundation of socialist modernization power. In the strategic process of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, vigorously promoting agricultural and rural modernization, and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power, a remarkable "Shenzhen Power" has formed. Taking advantage of the advantages of industry, technology, innovation, talents, trade and opening up, Shenzhen has taken the initiative in the practice of counterpart cooperation and the development of market economy, closely focused on the needs of the whole province, tried its best to open up new fields, find out the right power points, and strived to contribute Shenzhen’s strength to the agricultural and rural modernization of the whole province. Shenzhen Special Zone Daily and Reader clients have captured some stories and launched a series of reports, so please pay attention.
In order to make salad look better, lettuce can grow lace leaves; In order to plant more worry-free, peanuts can resist diseases independently; In order to save labor, rice can be harvested for several years at a time … It is not a gift for crops to cooperate with human beings, but a "blessing" from Shenzhen agricultural biotechnology.
Spring is the first year of the year, and agriculture is the first. Located in Jingkou Village, Guangming District, the researchers of Shenzhen Crop Molecular Design and Breeding Institute took action early. In the greenhouse, green seedlings were inserted into the mud, neat and uniform. The researchers carefully observed and recorded the data of seedling growth. Everyone said something to me: "Don’t look at the small number of acres we planted,’ busy farming’ can not lose farmers."
The field-cleaning model of "making planting easier" was born here and spread to the whole province and the whole country. At present, the accumulated experimental demonstration area is more than 1.5 million mu, which helps more grain-producing areas to realize agricultural mechanized production and gives China more autonomy in the field of agricultural science and technology. The Municipal Institute of Crop Molecular Design and Breeding has made great breakthroughs in many breeding technologies, such as clean field mode, whole genome molecular marker-assisted breeding technology, wide three-line hybrid breeding technology, and made contributions to the revitalization of seed industry and the construction of a strong agricultural country.
Planting one-season rice only needs weeding once.
One person can directly sow the seeds of "Jietian Rice" into a 60-mu paddy field in one day without raising seedlings or transplanting seedlings. You only need to spray herbicides once during the growth period. At harvest time, the rice fields are neat and clean, and there are no weeds.
Such a worry-free, time-saving and labor-saving farming mode has made "Jietian Rice" from Shenzhen a "good heart" for farmers in Leizhou, Guangdong. "Farming has been much easier in recent years, which not only solves the annoying harm of weedy rice, but also increases the income per mu to nearly 400 yuan." The villagers in Yangjia Town are full of praise for Jietian Rice.
"Clean-field rice refers to rice with herbicide resistance. It can be used with a matching herbicide, and weeds can be eliminated at one time through mechanized sowing. Under the premise of no reduction in yield, clean rice can make farmers complete field work more time-saving and labor-saving. " Tang Xiaoyan, vice president of the Municipal Institute of Crop Molecular Design and Breeding, told the reporter that clean rice technology has provided a new planting model for rice. By integrating molecular breeding, variety improvement, pesticide application and agricultural machinery, farmers can farm more easily.
As a herbicide-resistant rice technology with completely independent intellectual property rights in China, Jietian Rice has broken the technical monopoly of multinational companies in this field.
For this new variety, new technology and new model, Tang Xiaoyan and the team have struggled silently for 13 years.
In 2010, Tang Xiaoyan and his team planted more than 100 kilograms of mutated rice seeds in more than 60 acres of experimental fields, and harvested 12 tons of seeds. They planted 2 tons of seeds in the fields, sprayed herbicides at the seedling stage, and finally got a resistant rice. "The offspring of this rice plant are several times more resistant to herbicides than similar rice in the United States." Tang Xiaoyan said.
With herbicide-resistant rice materials, Tang Xiaoyan’s team has made progress towards another goal: to cultivate rice varieties with more excellent characters at the same time. She cooperated with more than 30 domestic breeding experts to carry out cross breeding. After more than six years, she finally cultivated a new herbicide-resistant variety with many excellent characters.
"The long period of hard work requires huge investment, but with the strong support of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Government, the Guangming District Government, the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and other departments, we finally survived." Referring to the long period of technical research, Tang Xiaoyan is not without feelings.
In 2017, Tang Xiaoyan’s team brought Jietian Rice to Zhanjiang for planting demonstration in the field of a 70-year-old farmer in Leizhou. The farmer didn’t believe in Jietian Rice, and reluctantly agreed to take out 4 mu of land for the experiment, and asked Tang Xiaoyan’s team to promise to cover all the losses.
"In the harvest season, 4 mu of clean rice grows neatly, the field is clean and beautiful, and the yield per mu is nearly 1,100 Jin. The 4 mu of land planted by the uncle himself is overgrown with weeds and rice, and the maximum harvest per mu is about 200 kg. Grandpa was convinced at once. " Tang Xiaoyan recalled.
Only when new crop varieties enter the vast farmland can they really bring benefits into play. In 2018, the Municipal Crop Molecular Design and Research Institute established an industrialized enterprise-Shenzhen Jietian Mode Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which started the industrialization journey of Jietian’s technological achievements.
"Jietian rice has been planted on a large scale in Zhanjiang, and Leizhou alone has accounted for more than 80% of the local rice planting area." Chen Lei, technical director of Shenzhen Jietian Mode Biotechnology Co., Ltd., said that Jietian has achieved remarkable results and is very popular with growers. The planting area has doubled year after year, and it has moved from Guangdong to the whole country. Last year, the national planting area reached 950,000 mu, which increased farmers’ income by 150-300 yuan per mu. This year, three clean rice varieties will be tested and demonstrated in Lufeng, Shanwei.
An acre of land is used as an acre and a half.
In a big field, corn and soybean are intercropped and planted in harmony to welcome a bumper harvest. This is the "new landscape" brought by the new herbicide-resistant corn variety of Jietian Technology Company.
For a long time, soybean production in China is low, and 80%-90% of soybeans are imported. Corn-soybean intercropping mode is to improve the corn-soybean intercropping system through technical integration and innovation, and increase the sown area and yield of soybean while ensuring corn yield.
A big problem facing this model is the difficulty of weeding.
"Corn and soybean are not compatible with the same herbicide, which leads to higher field management costs, lower operation efficiency and difficulty in mechanized operation." Tang Xiaoyan told reporters that the team has developed new traits of corn resistant to herbicides, and further cooperated with domestic corn breeders to cultivate new varieties of corn resistant to herbicides, so that corn can resist the same herbicide as soybeans, effectively solving the weeding problem of corn-soybean intercropping mode, so that one acre of field can be used as one and a half acres.
The emergence of corn seeds resistant to soybean herbicides provides a solution for the modern planting of soybean-corn intercropping. "The comprehensive integration of Jietian corn breeding technology and China’s intelligent agricultural machinery innovation can solve many problems of soybean and corn intercropping, and this model can be widely promoted in China in all directions." Tang Xiaoyan said.
At present, five new varieties of Jietian corn have passed the national and provincial audits, and the experimental demonstration of intercropping 10,000 mu of Jietian corn and soybean has been fully successful, increasing farmers’ income by 400 yuan per mu to 600 yuan, which has become the main promotion project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Agriculture.
Tang Xiaoyan is looking forward to using science and technology to change the traditional farming model, making it easier and more efficient for farmers to farm land and harvest better and higher-yielding grain.
The breeding industry system is beginning to grow.
Among the research results of Tang Xiaoyan’s team, there is a very important "Guangdong three-line" hybrid breeding technology system. Academician Yuan Longping once praised this technology as "3G hybrid breeding technology".
In the naming of "Guangsanlian", the word "Guang" means that this technology was successfully developed on the basis of a Guangdong high-quality rice after the team landed in Guangdong, and on the other hand, it means that the hybrid range of "Guangsanlian" is very wide, which breaks through the restriction of the relationship between restoration and maintenance in the traditional three-line hybrid rice technology.
Tang Xiaoyan introduced that traditional hybrid breeding techniques generally adopt "two-line method" and "three-line method". In traditional breeding, it takes at least 5 to 10 years for an excellent breeder to cultivate a high-quality three-line or two-line sterile line. With the breeding technology of "Guangsan Line", an ordinary breeder can cultivate a high-quality sterile line material in just three years according to the established steps and processes, and can also realize mass production.
The research on the hybrid breeding technology system of "Guangsan Line" began when the institute landed in Shenzhen, and it took more than five years to develop successfully. In the agricultural breeding circle, which often takes more than ten years or even decades to have a breeding technology innovation, such research and development speed is amazing. This new technology, which was praised by Yuan Longping, improved the utilization rate of rice variety resources from 5% to over 95%, and at the same time avoided the dependence on light and temperature, and the reliability was significantly improved.
In recent years, the level of Shenzhen agriculture has been continuously improved in terms of talent team cultivation, innovative technology platform construction, achievement transformation and enterprise incubation, and a modern biological breeding industrial system of "combining Industry-University-Research, integrating breeding, reproduction and promotion" has been initially formed, with increasingly obvious agglomeration effect and increasingly enhanced demonstration and driving role. A number of innovative agricultural science and technology enterprises and institutions have gradually embarked on a road of high-end agricultural industrialization of biological breeding in Shenzhen, with new varieties and new achievements constantly emerging, making new contributions to the self-reliance and self-improvement of agricultural science and technology.
short review
Gather all forces to win the seed industry’s turnaround
Grain is the foundation of the country, and seed industry is the foundation of grain. To consolidate the foundation of food security in an all-round way and accelerate the construction of an agricultural power, we must firmly grasp the seeds.
The clean rice technology developed by Shenzhen Institute of Crop Molecular Design and Breeding not only broke the monopoly of foreign technology, but also extended the technical achievements to all parts of the country to help more grain-producing areas realize mechanized production. The institute has also developed herbicide-resistant corn, wheat, rape and other crop seeds, and continuously expanded the team of agricultural breeding in Shenzhen.
In recent years, Shenzhen has vigorously promoted scientific research in seed industry, introduced, cultivated and supported a number of agricultural scientific research institutions and agricultural science and technology enterprises like Shenzhen Institute of Crop Molecular Design and Breeding, and achieved a series of gratifying results. The research on hybrid rice, insect-resistant cotton and hybrid potato has reached the international leading level. In the cultivation of new vegetable varieties, Shenzhen’s "Baozhu No.1" tomato has been popularized for more than 600,000 mu, generating more than 1.2 billion yuan for farmers, eggplant grafting technology has been popularized for more than 500,000 mu, and a new variety "Ambition No.1" has been bred, which has been popularized for more than 100,000 mu, generating nearly 300 million yuan for farmers … Shenzhen has made contributions to national food security with endless new varieties, new achievements and new breakthroughs.
The revitalization of seed industry has a long way to go. Shenzhen, which is building a pioneering demonstration area of agricultural science and technology innovation, can give full play to its existing advantages in seed industry research, further unite the strength of various agricultural institutions and enterprises, and gather into a stronger Shenzhen force, providing stronger support for the country to win the seed industry turnaround, push China into the ranks of world seed industry powers, ensure national food security, and constantly build a national security barrier.
(Photo courtesy of the respondents)
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