CCTV News:On August 30th, the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Ten Years in China", introducing the reform and development of emergency management in the new era and answering reporters’ questions.

Zhou Xuewen, Vice Minister of Emergency Management Department, said that on the whole, the barrier of disaster prevention is higher, the foundation of disaster reduction is firmer, the mechanism of disaster relief is more sensitive, and the effect of implementing "two persistences and three transformations" is obvious. Embody three new:

First, a new mechanism of integration of prevention, resistance and rescue has been established. In-depth reform of the system and mechanism of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief was promoted. The emergency management department and relevant departments clarified the responsibility relationship between prevention and rescue, condensed into a joint force to the greatest extent, established working mechanisms such as joint risk consultation and judgment, disaster acquisition and sharing, unified command and dispatch, and early warning of impending disasters, and explored and formed a flat emergency organization model. Leading cadres were on duty, and important positions were on duty 24 hours a day. The whole system always maintained a rapid response emergency state, and spared no effort to protect people’s lives and property.

The second is to promote the new level of disaster prevention and fortification. We carried out the first national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters, found out the hidden dangers of disaster risks and the base number of disaster prevention facilities, accelerated the filling of shortcomings in the disaster prevention and mitigation engineering system, and coordinated the implementation of key projects such as earthquake-resistant reinforcement of housing facilities in earthquake-prone areas, improvement of flood control and drought relief water conservancy, and relocation of geological disasters, and the ability to prevent natural disasters was significantly improved. For example, in 2016 and 2022, there were two earthquakes of magnitude 6.4 and 6.9 in Menyuan, Qinghai Province. The latter one had a higher magnitude, but the number of collapsed houses was only 5% of the previous one, and the effectiveness of seismic strengthening of houses was obvious.

The third is to promote new breakthroughs in comprehensive support capabilities. The investment in science, technology, materials and equipment for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief has gradually increased, and the support capacity has been significantly strengthened. Six national regional emergency rescue centers started construction, and the layout of "a game of chess" was basically formed; Nearly 3 billion yuan of central emergency materials storage tasks have been completed, and the material support capacity to meet the peak demand of major disasters has been further improved. A number of heavy equipment such as UAV emergency communication, large-scale drainage vehicles and underwater robots have been installed one after another, and modern technology and equipment have been greatly improved.

According to statistics, from 2018 to 2021, the average number of people who died and disappeared due to disasters, the number of houses collapsed and the proportion of direct economic losses in GDP in China decreased by 51.6%, 73% and 44% respectively compared with the average in the five years before the reform, and the reform of disaster prevention, mitigation and relief system and mechanism showed results.

Newcastle disease and avian influenza are highly contagious diseases caused by viruses, which can occur all year round, and both occur frequently in winter and spring. The differential diagnosis is introduced as follows.
First, susceptible animals
1. Newcastle disease in chickens: it is caused by paramyxovirus, and the susceptible animal is chicken, and the mortality rate is higher than that of chicken avian influenza.
2. Chicken avian influenza: caused by influenza A virus, it has the characteristics of rapid epidemic and long duration, and has certain mutual sensitivity to poultry, and chickens, ducks, geese and other poultry are susceptible to infection.
Second, the clinical symptoms
1. Newcastle disease: (1) Breathing with rales, and making gurgling and wheezing sounds; (2) Paralysis of the legs and trembling of the head; (3) The appetite and drinking water decreased, and the feces were green.
2. Chicken avian influenza: (1) The head is swollen, the comb and the flesh are cyanotic, and purple bleeding spots appear on the foot scales; (2) Diarrhea, with green or yellow-green feces, and mortality ranging from 5% to 30% is a characteristic symptom; (3) Some chickens mainly have respiratory disorders, and the respiratory symptoms of chicks are more serious.
Third, the autopsy changes
1. Newcastle disease: (1) Papillary hemorrhage of glandular gastric mucosa; (2) Duodenal ulcer, small intestinal mucosa with round or jujube necrotic ulcer focus, cloaca congestion and bleeding; (3) Cecal tonsil ulcer.
2. Chicken avian influenza: (1) gray-white necrosis of myocardium; (2) The pancreas has gray necrotic spots; (3) The digestive tract has pathological changes similar to Newcastle disease, especially the swelling and bleeding of adenogastric papillae.But unlike Newcastle disease, there is no ulcer in duodenum and cecum tonsil. (4) The mature follicles of laying hens are congested and bleeding, and there are common specific lesions such as oozing or rupture of yolk, follicular hematoma and deformation in abdominal cavity.
Fourth, differential diagnosis
According to the epidemic situation, clinical symptoms and autopsy changes, a preliminary differential diagnosis was obtained. In addition, red blood cell hemagglutination test can be used for qualitative identification, that is, chicken red blood cell hemagglutination test both agglutinate, goat red blood cell agglutination test chicken Newcastle disease does not agglutinate, chicken avian influenza agglutinate.
V. Prevention and control measures
1. Put an end to pathogens invading chickens and strictly implement the disinfection system. Disinfectants should be selected from reputable and quality-oriented manufacturers with broad bactericidal spectrum, quick action, no corrosiveness, less residue and convenient use. Such as Baidu Sha, Nongfu No.5 and so on.
2. Make a reasonable immunization program for chickens and do a good job in vaccination. We can choose Newcastle disease strain I or strain IV vaccine and avian influenza multivalent inactivated vaccine to strengthen the resistance of chickens for many times.
3. Once the suspected epidemic disease is found, timely detect and diagnose and handle the dead chickens. And emergency prevention and control of threatened chickens to prevent the spread of the epidemic and secondary infection. You can choose: (1) inject 2-3 ml of highly immunized yolk antibody against Newcastle disease and avian influenza into the muscle per kilogram of body weight for 2-3 days; (2) Mixed drinking of Liduwei: 200kg of water per 100g of this medicine for 2-4 days; (3) Ganteke mixed drink: administration according to weight,The therapeutic dose is 0.2-0.3 ml per kilogram of body weight. ④ Hulasha mixed drink: 120kg of drinking water per 100g of this medicine. Wu Shujun Shi Weiling (Zhejiang Dafeilong Animal Health Products Co., Ltd.)
Excerpted from the 8th issue of Feed Wide Angle in 2003.