Gain imagination and innovation from the differences of different cultural civilizations

  [Dialogue of Guangming International Forum]

Gain imagination and innovation from the differences of different cultural civilizations

  Yan haiping

  Professor and supervisor of modern literature, comparative literature and cross-cultural studies in Tsinghua University Foreign Languages Department and Chinese Department, chief professor of the World Literature Class in Tsinghua School, and dean of the Tsinghua University Institute of World Literature and Culture.

Gain imagination and innovation from the differences of different cultural civilizations

  Martin Puchner

  Byron and anita Wayne are professors of drama literature, English literature and comparative literature at Harvard University.

Gain imagination and innovation from the differences of different cultural civilizations

  Laurent de Boriai

  Life-long senior professor of French literature, French literature and comparative literature at Cornell University, winner of the French Palm Leaf Academic Knight Order.

  Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Education and the Core of University Education

  Laurent de Boliai:Optimists may think that the epidemic will provide an unexpected opportunity for the expansion of "global consciousness"-because we are all likely to be affected by a common threat, this crisis may bring a new sense of interconnection. But this is not entirely the case. For example, we can see that there has been some kind of localism turn or self-preservation retreat at the two levels of ideological tendency and daily behavior. Some changes can be positive, such as the emergence of a new experimental community life mutual help and self-help model; Some are variations of chauvinism, such as "exceptionalism" and "supremacy". Broadly speaking, as more and more of our thoughts are uploaded to the global network, the homogenization and standardization of individuals and their behaviors have reached the peak at all levels. Numbers seem to be ruling the way we communicate, express our emotions and express our opinions, and the way is often the content.

  The core driving force of modern university education is academic creation, that is, to enhance the dual ability of connecting the past and building the future through intellectual creativity. This goal mechanizes and standardizes spiritual life, makes mental thinking inertial and procedural, and explains the ever-changing life with ready-made or simple reasons, which is opposite. All these phenomena and problems are aggravated by the isolation of many countries in response to the COVID-19 epidemic. As a university professor, my primary task at present is to protect the space necessary for creative thinking in the face of the challenge that the time required for human beings to realize education and creativity may be shortened, and to constantly make new and effective explanations.

Gain imagination and innovation from the differences of different cultural civilizations

  On October 21st, in Frankfurt, a visitor (left) communicated with a staff member of the joint booth of "China Publishing" in the China book exhibition area of Frankfurt Book Fair. Xinhua news agency

  Martin Puchner:Since the outbreak, we have continued to use zoom and similar video teaching platforms intensively, and now we are all tired. But obviously, online education has been greatly promoted. I joined a school-wide working group to think about the future of education. At present, we have put forward some quite ambitious plans, including creating a complete digital campus. There is a huge demand for high-quality education all over the world. I think this is an opportunity. Elite universities like Tsinghua and Harvard can educate more students than at present. This makes me very excited about the future of education. We have a good understanding of what works and what doesn’t work in online education. Now we can sum up the previous experience and lessons and design some really effective methods.

  Yan Haiping:How not to make online courses an easy version of information dissemination is an important issue. Online teaching is not massive open online course, but real teaching and learning through cloud classroom. This puts forward new requirements for the humanistic use of technology, including the active grasp of technology, the ability of creative integration and the scientific cognitive spirit full of humanistic imagination. I once listened in on Mr. Tsinghua’s class online and was very inspired. For example, a teacher who teaches Shakespeare’s plays skillfully uses all media, such as text marking, poem recitation, scene performance, montage of visual materials, and interactive teaching and learning between teachers and students, thus teaching a three-dimensional Shakespeare and his world. As for the negative impact of the epidemic, there is no need to avoid it. Face-to-face discussion in physics class and the life style of knowledge community on campus contain the wisdom crystallization of civilization renewal and extension in the long history of mankind, which is irreplaceable by various technological revolution means including online teaching.

  Great changes in education in the digital trend and the significance of humanities

  Laurent de Boliai:We need to pay attention to the problems caused by the impact of new technologies, which may narrow our thinking range instead of opening up a broader space for human innovative thinking. The production mechanism of digital media has actually instilled in us a specific content, that is, under the logic of capital operation, under the guidance of market profit rules and operating procedures, providing "content options" that look constantly changing but are actually homogeneous. Our thinking and even our minds are also limited by "instant messaging" based on the Internet, and everything is programmed under the information pressure brought by the accelerated capital flow. This rapid change of procedure and so-called activity is a kind of interference, even a loss, for any human ideological activity that needs long-term attention and dedicated analysis.

  In this regard, we need: first, to create a spiritual space for learning ideas, whose attributes and logic are different from the "capital flow" centered on immediate response program operation; Second, liberating humanities and education itself from being bound by technological operation and its efficiency logic is not against the scientific revolution-technology is not equal to science, but truly embraces the scientific spirit itself and forms an alliance with science, scientificity and revolutionary creativity as science; Third, adhere to the diverse connections and differences across time, space and environment in the life world.

  Martin Puchner:I agree with the indispensability of humanities in the great changes of education. It is a great pity that the humanities hardly played any role in the future education Committee and working group I participated in. In short, part of the reason is related to misunderstanding. For example, it is believed that humanities degrees can not bring good career opportunities and life prospects to young people, although there are convincing statistics showing that this is not the case. Part of the reason is related to conservatism within the humanities, which leads humanities scholars to intuitively and habitually reject new technologies and other innovations. Part of the reason is related to the fine division of majors. At least in the United States, many courses taught by humanities scholars are designed for future majors in humanities and even literature, rather than benefiting the overall development of a wider student group and knowledge community. These problems existed before the emergence of online education, indicating that the humanities are now in a structurally weak position. At the critical historical turning point of the current development of higher education, this will bring many long-term regrets, because humanities can and must play an extremely important role. From what I have heard, there is no similar weakness in the humanities in China.

Gain imagination and innovation from the differences of different cultural civilizations

  On October 14th, the audience took selfies at the China Silk Embroidery Exhibition at the Nazem Khikmet Cultural Center in Ankara. Xinhua news agency

  Yan Haiping:Chinese’s literature is a part of the world’s humanistic literature. Like the academic circles in other countries, it faces many common challenges and opportunities in the great changes. In 2016, we initiated and jointly established the "China-UK Higher Education Humanities Alliance" with major Chinese and British universities including Peking University, Fudan University, Cambridge and Oxford. We propose that economic globalization, which is increasingly driven by digital media and technological revolution, as another stage in the long-term changes in modern times, is changing the face of the world that spans all countries and regions and is shared by mankind. In the great changes, everything in the world is closely linked, so the differences are fully revealed. In order to achieve sustainable development, humanities academic and humanities education, which focuses on cross-cultural knowledge production, communication and innovation, has a clearer historical function and important significance. This is the consensus basis for the sustainable development of the alliance so far.

  All kinds of tensions and frictions in the global epidemic have confirmed the historical situation that human society is closely linked in profound differences. This situation is still accelerating, and the variables produced by scientific and technological changes in the next 30 years will exceed the sum of variables produced by scientific and technological changes since modern times. No matter how innovative science and technology are and how powerful the economy is in the era of globalization, the way in which it is related to human individuals, communities, nationalities, regions and different types of countries is particularly important. No country, region, population or individual can unilaterally cope with such great changes and reconnection in great changes, and multilateral cross-cultural humanities exchanges and cooperation are more urgent than ever.

  In the concrete cross-cultural communication, we discuss how to grasp the concrete experience full of differences, melt the human knowledge that can be shared, and contribute to the world by explaining the world to describe China and describing China in the spirit of "humanity is new" in today’s world context composed of thousands of languages and their relationships. This is the theoretical origin of Tsinghua University’s establishment of the Institute of World Literature and Culture in 2016 to complete the organizational reform of foreign languages and literature departments. The term "world literature and culture" here can include, but not refer to, an established major, but point to a vision of cultural intercommunication and mutual learning of civilizations, so as to help us update our methods and fields in education, reading and academic work, hoping to leave an intellectual labor in the human welfare of "harmony and symbiosis" and "beauty and beauty".

  What is needed in today’s world is exchange and cooperation rather than homogenization.

  Martin Puchner:More exchanges and cooperation between countries and nations have always been extremely necessary and beneficial, and there will never be an end, and there will never be a day of satisfaction. At the same time, I often overestimate the power of communication and cooperation. Before the First World War, the world had achieved a considerable degree of economic globalization, but it was followed by a period of intensified and intensified narrow nationalism, including the two world wars that eventually led to it. Therefore, efforts such as international exchange, cultural communication and educational cooperation cannot solve all the problems in the human world by themselves. However, such efforts play an important role, especially in today’s world with multiple power centers, competition between different blocks and coexistence of different political systems. For example, the current tension or friction between China and the United States does not make me think that we should reduce exchanges and cooperation. On the contrary, this is the moment when we need to strengthen exchanges and cooperation more.

  Laurent de Boliai:Theoretically, it seems that people today can easily establish contact with many different interlocutors. However, how do you choose the person you contact? How to talk, talk and even cooperate with them? In practice, the ready-made convenience of communication channels does not automatically mean that we have more space to meet others and gain new life experiences from them. There is often such a phenomenon, that is, such digital channels constitute many small groups "like us", which are clustered together in a homogeneous way, rather than gaining new experiences and growth from cultural diversity.

  For example, the "identity politics" in the United States, based on skin color, race, gender, etc., brings "the same people" together. The paradox is that holding a group in this way actually compresses rather than expands people’s imagination, mental world and emotional friendship. There will be communication in groups that are identity-centered or focus on the intersection of several identities, but it is difficult to have a "dialogue", that is, it is difficult to gain new experiences that break through their own limitations and gain the ability to change by absorbing new experiences. At present, one of our goals should be to strengthen meaningful dialogue with different people, so as to protect the life world with creativity and rich possibilities.

  Yan Haiping:The old China saying "Beauty and Beauty Together" and "Harmony and Symbiosis" I mentioned earlier carries the life information and wisdom of human beings in the long association. Humanistic research and education, which focus on cross-cultural communication and cooperation and innovation, is one of the contemporary knowledge carriers to inherit this information and wisdom, and one of the paths for different countries, nationalities, groups and individuals to learn from each other and update each other. Since the Peace Treaty of Westphalia in the 17th century, the geopolitics of modern nation-state originated in Europe and its hierarchical and balance-of-power logic dominated by power have had a profound and long-term influence on shaping the world pattern and its cultural concepts, including the established mode of taking nation-state as the category of knowledge production organization and its inertia limitations. After World War II, the field of comparative literature and a series of related interdisciplinary knowledge frontiers generated and developed in Europe and America are some intellectual reflections and cultural breakthroughs on the limitations of this established model.

  As far as my personal experience is concerned, comparative literature, transnational differences, cross-cultural subject innovation and talent training in the United States are mainly composed of English, French, German and Spanish. In Tsinghua University, where I teach, Tsinghua’s humanities and Tsinghua’s culture, as one of the sources of China’s pioneering and developing humanities since modern times, have been characterized by innovative ideas and study methods across languages, cultures and civilizations from the beginning, which always contain inquiries about geopolitics and the logic of balance of power originating in Europe, and demands for diverse and new ways of modern national and ethnic relations.

  Pay attention to the life world different from "standardization and homogenization"

  Martin Puchner:The cross-cultural development of humanities faces many difficulties. At least in most colleges and universities in the United States, it is still the basic status quo to use the unitary nation-state as the cognitive framework of discipline organization to produce knowledge. In my opinion, this is the main problem. Reorganizing the structural layout of departments, updating the requirements of professional competence, changing the evaluation and examination methods, etc., need many conditions to support, and the change is really not easy. As far as my limited understanding is concerned, the world literature class established by Tsinghua University World Literature Institute and Foreign Languages Department is an important example. As far as the general conditions of colleges and universities are concerned, perhaps these changes will not happen until other conditions are in place, partly because humanists often insist on maintaining the inertial knowledge system, at least in the United States. A paradox that puzzles me is that many humanists consider themselves pioneers of social change, but when it comes to their own cognitive composition and production methods, they are often conservative. A major methodological change that is taking place in the humanities is the digital humanities. It was over-hyped at the beginning, which led to a predictable rebound, but in the medium and long term, interesting changes in humanistic methods may come from this corner.

  Back to the cross-cultural perspective. I sometimes wonder whether the question also includes the dimension of "scale". A large society tends to be more conservative, narrow-minded and self-centered than a small society. Of course, scale is not the only important element, but I am more and more inclined to think that scale is an important factor. This means that a huge society like ours must make special efforts to enable students to gain their much-needed international vision and ability.

  Laurent de Boliai:I am very willing to study very different languages, texts, behaviors and thinking logic with students, and feel very rewarding. We should encourage the younger generation to have a careful understanding of the inherent multi-faceted tensions and subtle differences in various languages, texts, ways of behavior and thinking logic, as well as the productive nature of these tensions and differences. In other words, we attach importance to the life world different from "standardization and homogenization", and we attach importance to the humanistic meaning of the life world, because we think it is more imaginative, rich and innovative than the standardized and homogenized culture. Between the speculative form of humanistic exploration and the limitless science and technology, we should re-establish a dynamic relationship. Scientific and technological innovation is the main driving force of today’s global society, and science and technology have never developed in isolation. The development of science and technology is the development of people’s life world, and the development of people’s mutual relationship, that is, cross-cultural association. We encourage a new generation of humanities scholars to boldly create, discover, grasp and even invent the interactive and ubiquitous connection between new theories and daily reality.

  Yan Haiping:In a certain sense, humanistic literature is a modern practical process of human wisdom, which melts the life experience that is unrepeatable from generation to generation into value knowledge that can be used for reference and reconstruction from generation to generation, and supports, broadens and enhances the connotation and quality of life.

  At the same time, the proposal of cross-cultural academic and educational theory stems from the internal needs of each of us how to settle down in today’s world. The correlation and cognitive integration of cross-language families and cross-cultural civilizations have been practiced, experienced and called by generations of scholars in China and the world since modern times. Its productive power is particularly prominent in the period of historical change. Social individuals and groups born in different language families and cultural civilizations have transcended the limitations of established habits, inspired each other and updated each other in the consciousness of differences, forming an indispensable life experience and an imaginative time and space full of kinetic energy in modern times; For the development of cross-cultural humanities and humanities education, it provides a profound resource for knowledge innovation. I quite agree that this kind of knowledge production needs the basic support of production mechanism and a moderate fit with the social environment, which is possible and sustainable.

  Human culture has been learning from each other and innovating.

  Martin Puchner:When trying to understand the cultural evolution on a global scale for thousands of years, I was shocked by two things. The first thing is that cultures have been learning from each other from the beginning. For example, China borrowed Buddhism from India, while Japan borrowed Buddhism from China, and Europe borrowed Christianity from the Middle East. Sometimes, the borrowing of these series includes strange gaps and circuitous ways. For example, ancient Greek philosophy was forgotten in Europe, but it was preserved in Baghdad before being re-imported into Europe. It is also interesting that Rome decided to translate the whole Greek literary classics into Latin for no reason, and turned Greek into its ancestors, even though the Romans had no connection with Greece. Therefore, this is a confusing picture. Sometimes, cultural imports are imposed on conquered countries. But more often, these imports and exports do not follow clear boundaries of power. More often, the borrowing of culture is not a sign of the weak, but a sign of the strong.

  Another impressive thing is that in each case, cultural borrowing is part of an incredible creative adaptation process, leading to a striking new cultural form. When Rome borrowed Greek canon, it created something completely new. Learning from something seems to release creative energy.

Gain imagination and innovation from the differences of different cultural civilizations

  On November 10th, a Rwandan student tried on China’s clothes. On the same day, the activity of "China Culture Entering the Campus" was held in the School of Education of Rwandan University. Xinhua news agency

  These two points lead me to the conclusion that reducing cultural exchanges will mean reducing all the factors that make culture flourish. At the same time, more exchanges and mutual learning may bring about various creative absorption and adaptation processes, which in turn will lead to the formation of a specific integrated new culture. If so, I think it’s good; Otherwise, the world of life will become monotonous and boring.

  Laurent de Boliai:As a species in the sense of zoology, Homo sapiens also depends on countless other biological species and different beings, and we really depend on everything. Of course, this does not mean global convergence and standardization. On the contrary, recognizing that human beings are connected with other diverse worlds of time and space will lead to a series of meaning extensions. On the one hand, this means a firmer view that every living thing and existence on earth is intrinsically related to us. On the other hand, it is a hope to maintain the rich heterogeneity in the world. Just because everything shares a planet, the difference between everything is the embodiment and vitality of coexistence. On the other hand, "cross-culture" transcends the potential and imagination of human egoism, that is, we not only continue our lives in a variety of different worlds, but also cross, meet, talk, cooperate, imagine and create among these worlds.

  Yan Haiping:This is an era full of challenges and opportunities, which requires courage, conviction and imagination. In recent years, I have been sorting out the Chinese and English texts written in the past decades, and some books and letters about the cultural world in modern times accumulated and reread over the past decades. I keep classifying them by language, time, subject, proposition, etc., and at the same time, I open up another category, and put them on the combined bookshelf with a paragraph sentence, some life information and their explicit or implicit correlation. They cross all kinds of cognitive boundaries established by habits, and form a constellation group that is irreducible but inseparable from each other, calling, arguing and enlightening each other in the form of multiple polyphony. My duty is to listen to and record the endless human conversations.

  (Translation: Ran Haoyan, Zhang Hanwen)

  Guangming Daily (November 28, 2021, 08 edition)

This is a guide to eating Chaoshan beef hotpot.

Original Liu Muxuan Duchengji Studio

When young people talk about beef, their first reaction seems to be western-style fried steak.

Immediately, people began to entangle the variety, grade and maturity of beef, talk about Maillard reaction and the coking layer of "don’t wash the pot", and argue about which one is more flavorful when cooked dry and wet, and whether it is worth exaggerating the price.

On the practical level, it often goes to the extreme of being fully cooked or raw, and finally reluctantly chooses the safest but most boring method-vacuumizing and packaging, throwing it into water for slow cooking at low temperature. In this way, the different degrees of maturity of beef correspond to almost the only temperature and duration, but the way of "copying homework" turns the game between human beings and ingredients into a boring arithmetic equation.

The older generation is usually worried that beef is easy to be cooked and stuffed. Usually, it is not sliced and thickened, or simmered slowly, and then made into sauce.

However, Chaoshan people eat cattle and clear the bottom of the pot, which is extremely fresh and unique.

△ Well-known gourmet Da Dong once commented on Chaoshan beef. (Source: Da Dong Weibo screenshot)

A qualified Chaoshan person will definitely rinse meat in person in front of foreigners, so we must firmly grasp the quality control of beef.

Time Weekly visited the sponsors of Chaozhou Beef Hotpot group industry standard, communicated with many local gourmets, and tried to summarize a set of instructions for beginners to eat Chaoshan beef hot pot.

meat

Beef in Chaoshan beef hot pot is usually divided into spoon handle, hanging dragon, beef tongue, tender meat, snowflake (neck kernel), fat beef (fat belly), three-toed (front leg), five-toed (hind leg), chest oil (chest fork) and so on. Every part of the meat has different thickness standards.

Generally speaking, the rare parts of each cow, such as three-toed and five-toed, are the most expensive and sell fastest, so please eat them early!

The most important thing about Chaoshan beef is freshness. It should not take more than 4 hours from slaughter to serving, and the freshest meat will still beat.

Chaoshan beef is hardly frozen, does not drain acid, and does not pay attention to the flavor of the beef accumulated after it is cooked. The main title is "The freshest ingredients often only need the simplest cooking method".

soup

It should be beef bone clear soup, and the soup base is classic with radish, bitter gourd, soybean and corn.

As for the early use of potatoes, insiders say that the older generation yearns for the big brother of the Soviet Union’s potato stewed beef, but the taste is not bad, but the potatoes will roll for a long time and will disappear.

Some stores will put beef balls or brisket in the pot in advance, which is just as well. The more you cook, the more fragrant it will be.

From the early sand tea soup to the clear beef bone soup today, Chaoshan beef hot pot is more inclusive, giving the control of taste to diners.

For many southern diners, drinking soup is a necessary process for a meal. However, in Chaoshan beef hot pot, soup should be eaten after two or three plates of meat are put into the pot.

It’s too early to be light, too late to be greasy, and it’s a must-have with chopped celery and a little pepper.

rinse

Whether it’s "three ups and three downs" or "seven ups and eight downs", or a big fire is quick to burn or a small fire is slow to simmer, the fundamental principle is not to be too familiar.

In recent years, with the popularity of all kinds of beef eating methods, some diners have been able to accept raw beef, and Chaoshan beef hot pot can’t overcook the beef.

The most common way is to put the beef in boiling soup and cook it, then stir it with chopsticks. When the surface of the meat slices is broken, take it out for about 2 seconds to make the beef hang in the soup and then cook it in the soup. The whole process takes no more than 20 seconds, and the fresh beef is cooked.

Other parts, such as the chest oil with more elasticity and tenacity, can be directly poured into the soup for cooking, and the time takes 2 minutes to 10 minutes.

In the advanced version of some gourmets’ suggestions, it is also necessary to turn off the fire and cook the beef after the soup boils for your diners to explore and try.

The kway teow and vegetables should be put after the meat is rinsed. The former is put early, which makes the soup muddy, while the latter is put early, which makes the soup sour.

Even Lao Guang, who is obsessed with "no vegetables ~" in every meal, will choose to endure it in front of Chaoshan beef hot pot noodles and finally eat vegetables.

dipping sauce

No matter how many Chaoshan beef hot pot noodles on the seasoning table compromise foreigners, the most authentic dip is still sand tea sauce, or you can try Puning bean sauce, a specialty of Puning next door.

Shacha sauce originated in Southeast Asia, and was sent back to China by local Chinese to remove the spicy taste and improve it. Now it is widely accepted in Guangdong, Fujian and other places.

Usually the raw materials are peanuts, sesame, fish, shrimp, shredded coconut, garlic, onion, turmeric, clove, dried tangerine peel and so on.

Not only dipped in beef, but also sand tea sauce is a perfect match with the daily ingredients in Chaoshan and Minnan areas, such as kway teow, beef offal, vegetables and seafood.

Original title: "This is a guide to eating Chaoshan beef hot pot"

Read the original text

[Gathering Beautiful Anhui in the Net, Decisively Fighting Poverty] "The girl with the emblem of goods" brings a prosperous day.

  Zhongan Online and Zhongan News Client News In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Zhiluo, a Huizhou merchant, invested in the construction of the Shiban Road from Fucheng, Huizhou to Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province. This road is called Huikai Ancient Road. After thousands of years of rain, snow and frost, the ancient road is still intact. In recent years, this charming ancient road has attracted the attention of many travelers, and with the rapid increase of the number of tourists, it has brought quiet changes to Lingjiao Village, Yucun Township, Xiuning County.

  The "prostitute" with goods is well known.

  Cheng Cailing, a villager, opened a farm house in Lingjiao in the village. Travelers who go hiking on the ancient Huikai Road usually choose this as the starting point for hiking. After a long time, the simple Cheng Cailing became friends with many donkey friends, who often asked her to help bring some authentic mountain products. Over time, Cheng Cailing became a famous "girl with a badge" in the local area. On September 24, the reporter came to Lingjiao Farmhouse, and happened to meet aunt Wang Qiaoxian and brother Wang Jiafeng, poor households, who came to the store with dried prunes and yam powder to ask Cheng Cailing to help with the goods.

  "Daughter", with a cordial address, 68-year-old Aunt Wang Qiaoxian talked with Cheng Cailing in the local dialect. After weighing, Cheng Cailing took out the account book and wrote it down. Looking through the account book, each piece of information represents each record of "taking goods". It can be said that this is a "diary of taking goods". It is understood that Aunt Wang Qiaoxian had undergone skull surgery and could not do heavy work. On weekdays, she planted some mountain products. Originally, there was no sales channel in the village, so she had to go a long way to the county to sell it, and sometimes it didn’t sell. Now, with Cheng Cailing’s help, we can not only sell it at home, but also sell it at a good price.

  The market price of ordinary vermicelli is around 7 yuan. The two kilograms of sweet potato vermicelli brought by Wang Jiafeng were sold by Cheng Cailing at the price of one kilogram of 25 yuan, and the demand was in short supply. The loofah made from three loofah vines at the door of poor households has sold for more than 800 yuan a year through Cheng Cailing. Since the delivery of goods in 2016, Cheng Cailing’s accumulated sales have reached more than 1.6 million yuan, driving poor households to increase their income by more than 200,000 yuan.

  On the first floor of Lingjiao Farmhouse, there is also a "selling point for agricultural products of poor households". On the counter, there are local specialties such as sweet potato vermicelli, dried bracken, dried bamboo shoots and ham, and on the ground, there are seasonal vegetables such as white gourd, loofah and farm pepper, which are sold to poor households for free.

  Take precautions and March into the live broadcast.

  Recently, Cheng Cailing often falls asleep at 1 o’clock at night. She told reporters that she has been learning and making progress in order to keep up with the times. "Look, this kudzu powder is brewed with 100-degree boiling water. After stirring, it will become a cool food with a little honey." A column of circular lights and three connected mobile phones, Cheng Cailing is doing a live broadcast of e-commerce.

  Guo Mibao, a sister-in-law, has been working outside the home. The year before last, she went back to her hometown to help her sister-in-law manage the agency in Wechat business. "My family opened a fan processing factory two years ago to help the villagers do OEM work." Although Cheng Cailing’s shop sells on behalf of others, everything that goes out through the shop is signed by the villagers, which is equivalent to a "quality guarantee form". If there is a quality complaint in the future, let the signer compensate the customer. "We must be responsible to the customer, and we must never be short of weight and ensure the quality."

  The things in the mountains are good, and it is even more important for the leaders to get rich to keep up with the times in time. "I am now helping my sister-in-law to do live broadcast, and also helping her to handle online orders. From June to September this year, the online e-commerce part has sales of 230,000. "

  Guo Mibao’s online order refers to the online trading platform for agricultural products built by Xiuning County itself. Li Xingbiao, the first secretary of the Party branch of Lingjiao Village and the captain of the poverty alleviation team, told the reporter, "This service center was built with 200,000 special funds for poverty alleviation in our village. If Cheng Cailing’s annual acquisition and sales can reach 1 million, it can be used free of rent." Next, Cheng Cailing plans to register her own sweet potato fan brand. "With the support of the local government, we will make our fan industry more standardized."

  Voluntary assistance to agriculture makes good people.

  Helping poor households to bring goods free of charge, strictly controlling quality and being honest, Cheng Cailing herself has successively won the honorary titles of "Top Ten Entrepreneurship Stars" in Xiuning County, "Women’s meritorious pacesetter" in Huangshan City, "Women’s meritorious pacesetter" in Anhui Province, "Good People in Huangshan Mountain", "Five Good Families in China" and "March 8th Red Flag Bearer" in Anhui Province.

  "I have a heavier responsibility on my shoulders now." Cheng Cailing told reporters that in order to improve her ability, she constantly tried new forms of e-commerce live broadcast. Due to the large amount of goods, Lingjiao Village, which was originally not available for express delivery, also settled in several express delivery sites.

  With the help of the government, Cheng Cailing expanded the scale. "The government supports me so much, and the villagers trust me so much. I can’t slack off. I must keep working hard to sell more high-quality agricultural products for the villagers." (Reporter Zhang Yizhen, Liu Yuxin, Wang Binbin)

Products sold by Cheng Cailing

Cheng Cai ling de happy farmhouse

Cheng Cailing is bringing goods live.

Three loofah vines in front of Cheng Qumin’s house

Aunt Wang Qiaoxian and Brother Wang Jiafeng, poor households, asked Cheng Cailing to help with the goods.

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The scale of foreign trade in the central and western regions reached a new high, and the regional structure of foreign trade was further optimized.

  CCTV News:Statistics released by the General Administration of Customs on April 13th show that in the first quarter of this year, the economy of the central and western regions continued to develop, the proportion of foreign trade import and export continued to increase, and the regional structure of China’s foreign trade was further optimized. In the first quarter, the scale of the central and western regions reached a record high in the same period.

  These days, in the production workshop of a technology company in Yueyang, Hunan Province, workers are operating nervously and orderly on the assembly line, and a balance car is quickly assembled off the assembly line.

  Recently, under the supervision of Yueyang Customs, 8,100 balance cars were shipped for export and sent to France and Italy.

  The central and western regions have given full play to their geographical advantages, promoted cross-border transportation facilitation, and continuously improved channel operation and logistics efficiency.

  These days, in an alloy tool manufacturing enterprise in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, the production equipment is working at full capacity to make orders.

  Relying on the new foreign trade export routes such as the new land and sea passage in the west, the combined port of Jiangxi and Shenzhen, and the China-Europe train, the import and export trade volume of Ganzhou Port, which is neither along the border nor near the sea, exceeded 17 billion yuan in the first quarter, with a year-on-year growth rate of over 25%.

  Customs statistics show that in the first quarter of this year, the import and export of the central and western regions of China grew rapidly, with the growth rate being 7.8 percentage points higher than that of the whole country, accounting for 18.6% of the total, and the scale reached a new high in the same period in history. The import and export of the new road and sea passage in the west was 969.52 billion yuan. China-Laos Railway has been playing an increasingly significant role in China-ASEAN trade for more than a year. In the first quarter of this year, it supervised and released 880,000 tons of import and export goods.

"If you still have the ability to buy a house in this life, you must buy an existing house."

According to the client news of the New Yellow River, from the outside of the floor, the "Yihefang" is not much different from the surrounding communities-the walls are neat and bright, and many owners have couplets and window grilles on their balconies. It is only a few hundred meters away from the nearest commercial complex, and a little further west, it is a subway station and an intercity passenger hub station. And there are many schools nearby, "serious school districts".

No one can think that this is a property that has been unfinished for nearly eight years. The interior of the community is another scene. The rainy road turns into a "cement" road, and construction waste piled up in hills can be seen everywhere. The corridor has not been completed yet, so residents have to build their own roadbed with bricks and boards. The bigger difficulty is that most buildings have no water or electricity because they have not yet been handed over.

Yihefang is located in Liuying Road, Baqiao District, Xi ‘an. There are 13 buildings and 1287 households in the first phase, 6 of which are high-rise buildings and the rest are multi-storey. The building is basically completed, but it can’t meet the delivery conditions. Liu Xiaoqiang said that at the beginning, the developer verbally promised to hand over the house by the end of 2014, but the contract was marked as June 30, 2015.

Today, only one building in the community has delivered the house and one building has successfully saved itself. The owners of the remaining buildings have consulted the relevant departments many times, and the answer is that the developers have no money, and they have to go bankrupt and reorganize to re-introduce new investors. The Baqiao District Government also replied through the Internet that the Yihefang project is a reconstruction project of Xiangwang Village in Xiwang Street. Due to the financial difficulties of the developer Xi ‘an Side Real Estate Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Side Company), all the projects involved in the first phase, the second phase and the third phase were suspended.

The reply also said that after the problem occurred, the buyers repeatedly reported to the districts and streets, and the districts and streets also organized developers and owners’ representatives to negotiate and solve the project construction and compensation plan, and guided the owners to protect their rights through legal channels.

But some owners can’t wait. Some people have lost their job opportunities and are unable to afford rent and mortgage; Some people have heard that after bankruptcy and reorganization, there may be variables in housing property rights. So some property buyers choose to move into rough houses. According to the owner, some people first moved in on February 28th this year, and more than 300 households moved in in January. More people are wandering between rental houses and "new homes".

Live in a rough house

Liu Xiaoqiang, a native of Luonan County, Shaanxi Province, worked hard in Xi ‘an in his early twenties. After struggling for more than ten years and saving some savings, he and his wife Lili discussed improving the living conditions for the small family. So in the summer of 2013, I paid a down payment of 150,000 yuan to buy this house.

Liu Xiaoqiang was deeply impressed by the situation of buying a house. One day, he drove a night taxi and pulled a passenger who lived near Xiwang Street. The other party told him that there was a new property opening. "The cost performance is particularly high, next to the subway station and passenger center, it is only 4,750 yuan, which is several hundred yuan cheaper than the surrounding ones." After listening to him, he was tempted and it was convenient to think of going back to his hometown. The next day, he couldn’t take a rest during the day, so he took his wife to the Yihefang sales center.

Buying a house is not an easy decision. The couple ran more than ten times and saw that the five certificates were complete and half of the floors had been built. The couple finally felt relieved. After years of savings and money borrowed from relatives and friends, they finally got enough down payment of 150 thousand. The total house payment is 450,000 yuan. They took out a mortgage of 300,000 yuan for 20 years, and paid back about 2,300 yuan each month. After the interest rate dropped, they still paid back 1,955.05 yuan each month. Just after signing the contract, Li Li excitedly took the contract to a nearby school to consult about transferring her children. "At that time, I felt that the names of the community were beautiful."

Luo Juan, a migrant worker with a household registration in Lantian, bought a house in Building No.1, which he plans to use for his son’s marriage in the future. The contract also says that the house will be delivered on June 30, 2015. But by the time of delivery, others said that "the property was unfinished", which was the first time she knew the word "unfinished". She didn’t believe it. "How can such a big company not pay the house?"

According to public information, Side Company, the developer of the Yihefang project, is insolvent, which leads to the housing failure. Later, Beijing Xuhui Chaoyang, the creditor of the company, submitted an application for bankruptcy and reorganization of Side Company to Baqiao Court. In 2018, Yihefang entered bankruptcy and reorganization procedures. At present, the case is still being processed.

Luo Juan gave up after seeing it on the spot several times. At that time, the community was overgrown with weeds and few workers. Other owners came to check the progress together, and everyone left contact information with each other and joined the group. Now there are 477 people in the "message tracking group" and 421 people in another group called creditors.

Before that, she rented in the village in the city with her husband, son and father-in-law. Later, she caught up with the demolition of the village in the city and had to pay twice the rent to rent in an old building of 60 square meters. The room still has no heating and bathing facilities, only two bedrooms, and when my daughter comes back, the family lives very crowded. After the warm weather this year, she and her husband moved to a rough house. "Although the conditions are difficult, at least they live in their own house."

Others choose to live in rough houses, just like Liu Xiaoqiang, in order to keep their own houses.

The announcement posted by Baqiao District People’s Court in the community on March 1, 2022 stated that the project had entered the trial procedure. During this period, it is forbidden to walk around the construction site without the permission of the construction party in the name of checking the construction progress. It is forbidden to incite forced occupancy, seize houses and other acts that disturb, affect the progress of case trial procedures and hinder litigation under various pretexts.

In this regard, many people said that it is not clear that the news of buyers mostly comes from the owners. "Because some people say that after bankruptcy and reorganization at the end of March, your house may not be your house. So many owners quickly moved in. " Since the key has not been handed over, the purchaser took the contract and found the unlocking company.

Some houses lack doors and windows, and the owners find people to install them themselves. Cars and large pieces of furniture are not allowed to enter the community for the time being, so the owners have to move in necessities such as simple beds, chopping boards and gas tanks first. Some owners said that many families only have one or two people, but more than 300 households have lived in rough houses.

More than a thousand stories have only one ending.

Living in a rough house, the most urgent problem is that there is no water and no electricity.

When the reporter visited, he found that there was a drinking fountain downstairs on the 11th floor where the whole building had been delivered, which became the main source of domestic water for residents. People carry all kinds of buckets to get water from here, and then go home and pour it into bigger buckets. Older people often use large mineral water bottles to run a few more times. In addition, the residents of Building No.2 who successfully saved themselves also have water for sale. A 4.5-liter Nongfu Spring mineral water bottle can carry two barrels for one piece.

Saving water has become the biggest consensus here. After washing vegetables, the water will be reserved for washing hands, and children are not allowed to play with water. Luo Juan told the New Yellow River reporter that almost everyone cooks pasta with soup. On the one hand, it can reduce the frequency of drinking water; on the other hand, it is inconvenient to go to the public toilet outside the community.

In addition to beds and kitchen utensils, every household has "home appliances" including solar lamps. This is a simple lighting tool relying on solar panels, which is scattered in the best lighting place in the blank room. When the weather is good, it is fully charged and can last for several hours. On cloudy days, residents can only use a battery-mounted headlight for lighting.

In the eyes of outsiders, people who live in rough houses are in a state of "losing contact" for a long time every day. Because they are worried that the power consumption of mobile phone networking is too fast, most people only connect to the Internet at mealtimes. It’s also very troublesome to charge the mobile phone. Liu Xiaoqiang bought three charging treasures to replace them. When there is no electricity, he will come back when the rental house is full. Luo Juan, who doesn’t often return to temporary housing, will spend 3 yuan to rent a shared charging treasure in the store, basically every two days.

Without mobile phones, owners don’t have many ways to kill time and go to bed early at night. Luo Juan has a thick quilt. Even so, she still doesn’t dare to take off her coat when she sleeps, and sometimes she even needs to cover it with thick clothes. There are tarpaulins and cartons on the wall next to the bed, and people who are not satisfied also buy curtains, which can make them sleep a little more comfortably.

Other non-daily necessities also appear in the blank room, such as couplets and window grilles. Luo Juan said that these things are posted to let others know that the house is owned. She also saw media reports that neighbors printed the contract. "I didn’t go through the formalities of closing the house, so I came in and lived. The contract was posted at the door to prove that this is my house."

People who live in often get calls from neighbors, who ask for help to see if anyone lives at home. The concept of neighbors has become broader in Yihe Square. No matter which building residents are, everyone is commensurate with neighbors. "We are all in the same boat. Although there are more than a thousand stories behind more than a thousand families, there is only a bad ending."

A stagnant life

A few years ago, two children often asked Lili, "Mom, when can we live in the community?" She always said "soon" with confidence, and the result was eight years. Now that her son who was at school has gone out to work, she no longer has the courage to give an answer.

At present, the couple and their little daughter are still renting a village in Changle slope for 500 yuan. According to Li Li, it is still very cold to turn on the air conditioner in the house in winter. My youngest daughter likes to do manual work, but she finds it inconvenient to wear gloves. As a result, her hands are frozen all winter. Just after the end of this year, my colleague saw it and asked, so she had to lie and say that she was frozen in her hometown. "Now I still live in Xi’ an so badly, so I’m afraid of being laughed at."

"The desire to live in a new house and live a good life has not been realized." Li Li told the New Yellow River reporter that most of the owners are ordinary migrant workers in the surrounding areas, and everyone’s life has stagnated or even regressed with the unfinished house. She has heard that the owners who borrowed money to buy a house in full are afraid that they will not be able to collect the house and will not be able to make up the difference at the current market price. I have also heard that some owners have divorced because of the unfinished house …

For Li Li and his wife, the most embarrassing thing is that they failed to let their father who died of illness live in a new house. "When I bought a house, my family subsidized money. Later, I heard my mother-in-law say that my father-in-law had been complaining about us in his hospital bed. He thought it was a new house, and we were unwilling to take the elderly to live."

In recent years, Li Li has less and less contact with relatives and friends. At the beginning of the rotten tail, the owners posted on their social media one after another. Li Li never posted it, for fear that acquaintances would know. But she will still seriously praise and comment on everything she sees. In real life, when a friend asked about the recent situation of the house, she also quickly changed the subject. "They at least have their own house, and I am embarrassed to say that I feel too embarrassed," she added. "We should be the most backward and miserable post-70s."

Lili and her husband thought about living without buying a house. Maybe they have applied for public rental housing, or there is no mortgage pressure at all. The family returned to their hometown in the county and lived in peace and contentment. Her husband continued to drive a taxi, and she had a store of her own …

Luo Juan said that her mind’s eye was too small to put aside, and she didn’t worry too much about the house. Now she needs to drink tranquilizing and brain-nourishing liquid to help her sleep every day. Originally, she drank a box of five days, and she finished it in three days.

My 23-year-old son works in a hotel, and he doesn’t get paid when his business is bad. My son talked about his girlfriend, and she tried to ask about marriage. The parents of the other party said that they had a house before they decided to get married. She thought, I have a house, but this statement failed to be said in the end.

The owner upstairs passed by and heard some noise in the room, so he came to visit. At some point, several people began to plan the renovation of the new house. The hostess wanted to separate the living room from a small room so that both children could have their own bedrooms.

However, the topic finally returned to buying a house. "If you still have the ability to buy a house in this life, you must buy an existing house." (The characters in the text are all pseudonyms)

Original title: My home is in an unfinished building: a rough house and a stagnant life.

[Disclaimer] Manuscripts not marked with "Source: Upstream News" or "Upstream News LOGO, Watermark Text, Pictures, Audio and Video" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, pleaseContact upstream.

Outlook of foreign exchange market in 2022: Monetary policies of major central banks in emerging market countries continue to differentiate.

Xinhua Finance, Beijing, January 6 (Cui Kai) The world economy is gradually recovering from the huge impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic. However, due to limited comprehensive national strength and financial support and insufficient vaccine coverage, the economies of some emerging market countries have still not been able to get out of the shadow of the epidemic. As the Fed speeds up the pace of reducing its bond purchases and the expectation of raising interest rates gradually heats up, emerging markets are facing a "worse" dilemma.

In 2022, the world economic development will fully enter the recovery stage after the epidemic. However, the geopolitical, economic and financial environment and other influencing factors will be further amplified. The uncertainty of the economic growth of the world’s major economies will continue to exist, and the economic activities of developed countries and emerging market countries will also show a trend of differentiation. However, the IMF predicts that the economies of emerging markets and developing economies will grow by 5.1% in 2022, which will still be higher than the global average growth rate. It can be seen that opportunities and challenges coexist in emerging market countries.

In 2021, the central banks of most emerging market countries have stepped into the tide of raising interest rates.

Since March 2021, among the 21 emerging market countries and regions in MSCI Emerging Markets Index, most central banks have stepped into the interest rate hike tide, and have been "forced" or taken the initiative to raise interest rates. In order to curb high inflation, South American economies have frequently raised interest rates. Asian economies have benefited from China’s strong economic growth and are not eager to follow suit.

(1) South American economies frequently raise interest rates.

On March 17th, Brazil’s central bank raised the benchmark interest rate, which has been maintained for six years, from 2% to 2.75%, which started a new cycle of interest rate increase. On May 5 and June 16, Brazil’s central bank raised interest rates by 75 basis points respectively, raising the benchmark interest rate to 3.5% and 4.25%. On August 4 and September 22, the Brazilian central bank raised interest rates by another 100 basis points respectively, raising the benchmark interest rate to 5.25% and 6.25%; On October 27th, Brazil’s central bank raised interest rates by another 150 basis points, raising the benchmark interest rate to 7.75%, the largest single rate increase in nearly 20 years. Even so, Brazil’s annualized inflation rate has reached nearly 11%, far exceeding the inflation target set by the Brazilian central bank.middleThe value is 3.75%.

Figure: Consumer Price Index (CPI) of Brazil

In addition, the Chilean central bank raised the benchmark interest rate by 125 basis points to 4% for two consecutive times; Both the Mexican central bank and the Peruvian central bank raised their benchmark interest rates for five consecutive months during the year, to 5.5% and 2.5% respectively; Colombia’s central bank raised its benchmark interest rate to 3%. Other countries in South America have also raised the benchmark interest rate in different degrees.

(2) The Russian central bank raised interest rates by 425 basis points during the year.

The Russian central bank raised interest rates by 425 basis points during the year. In mid-December, the Russian central bank announced the seventh interest rate hike this year, raising the interest rate to 8.5%. In the first three quarters of this year, Russia’s real GDP increased by 4.6% year-on-year, and the economy got rid of the recession. Judging from Russia’s economic situation, high inflation, strong economy and low unemployment rate will prompt the Russian central bank to continue to raise interest rates in 2022.

Figure: Russian Consumer Price Index (CPI)

(3) Asian central banks are in no hurry to act.

At present, the recovery speed of Asian economies is different, but several major economies have shown a rapid recovery trend: South Korea, Indonesia, China and Japan have achieved 7-8% economic growth; Malaysia, the Philippines, India and Singapore achieved double-digit growth. China, South Korea and Viet Nam have successfully recovered their economic vitality to the pre-epidemic level. However, in 2021, the currencies of emerging markets as a whole showed a trend of depreciation, and even some national currencies showed signs of crisis.

In 2021, the Bank of China will continue to maintain a prudent monetary policy, be flexible and moderate, and maintain a reasonable and abundant liquidity. Increase the weakness of the real economy such as small and micro enterprises and manufacturing industries.linkSupport, flexibility and structural characteristics are more prominent. Supported by China’s economic boost and monetary policy, RMB performed strongly in 2021. CFETS RMB exchange rate index shows that RMB soared by more than 8% in 2021, slightly lower than the historical record set in November 2015.

Figure: CFETS RMB exchange rate index

Since March 2020, the Bank of India has been promoting economic stability and growth with loose monetary policy, and will continue to maintain the interest rate level and loose monetary stance in 2021. Although, India’s economic growth this fiscal year is expected to reach more than 9.5%. However, the Bank of India believes that due to the spread of COVID-19 mutant virus, the world economic growth prospects are facing uncertainty. At the same time, due to the epidemic situation in India and the tightening of related prevention and control measures, the country’s economic activities willinevitableAffected, India’s sustained economic recovery is also facing certain uncertainties. India’s unprecedented trade deficit and the policy differences between the Bank of India and the Federal Reserve made Indian Rupee the worst performing Asian emerging market currency in the fourth quarter of 2021. The depreciation of Indian Rupee may support exports, but it will bring the risk of imported inflation, and it will make it more and more difficult for the Indian central bank to keep interest rates at historically low levels. The latest data shows that India’s wholesale price index rose to 14.23% and retail price index rose to 4.91%.

Figure: USD/Indian Rupee chart.

(5) The Turkish central bank does the opposite.

Turkey is the most maverick among emerging market countries. Since the failure of the Turkish military coup in July 2016, Turkey has been repeatedly sanctioned by the United States in economic and trade fields, the Turkish economy has deteriorated sharply, the inflation level has remained high for many years, and the Turkish lira has been under the pressure of depreciation. In order to curb inflation, the Turkish central bank announced on March 18th that it would raise the benchmark interest rate from 17% to 19%. Subsequently, Turkish President Erdogan dismissed the then central bank governor abal. As soon as the news came out, the Turkish financial market fluctuated violently and all kinds of financial assets were sold off. During abal’s less than five months in office, the Turkish central bank raised the benchmark interest rate by 875 basis points to 19%. During the same period, the exchange rate of Turkish lira against the US dollar rose by nearly 20% from the historical low, and the exchange rate of Turkish lira against the euro rose by more than 15%.

On September 23rd, the Turkish central bank unexpectedly lowered the benchmark interest rate by 100 basis points to 18%. Although Turkish President Erdogan has repeatedly expressed his position that interest rates must be cut in a high inflation environment, the unexpected interest rate cut by the central bank has triggered a sharp fall in the Turkish lira exchange rate. The Turkish lira once fell to 8.7537 against the US dollar, close to the historical low of 8.88 set in June.

Erdogan is a staunch supporter of monetary easing. He firmly believes that low interest rates and low inflation can be achieved, and whoever does not cooperate will be fired. Under the pressure of Erdogan, the Turkish central bank cut interest rates for four consecutive months, cutting the benchmark interest rate by 500 basis points to 14%. After the announcement of the resolution, the Turkish lira exchange rate hit a new low, and the US dollar broke through the 15 mark against the Turkish lira. The deepening of Turkey’s currency crisis prompted the country’s central bank to directly intervene in the market five times in December, selling dollars to support its plunging local currency. However, on December 20th, the Turkish lira hit a record low of 18.4 against the US dollar, with a depreciation of 60% during the year. Later, after Erdogan announced a plan to encourage Turks to hold the lira again, the Turkish lira exchange rate rebounded sharply from the collapse trend in the past few months and recovered some lost ground. However, most Wall Street investment institutions are still convinced that the Turkish lira cannot completely get rid of the decline. The Turkish government chose to "insist" on cutting interest rates sharply to stimulate economic growth, and the final result would be "counterproductive".

Figure: USD/Turkish lira chart

After this year’s continuous intervention, the Turkish central bank’s foreign exchange reserves have been reduced by 100 billion US dollars; If the continuous swap arrangement between banks and allied governments amounting to $63 billion is deducted, the reserves of the Turkish central bank are actually deeply negative. Analysts warned that if the lira’s rally fails and reverses, the plan may increase public debt, erode foreign exchange reserves and further trigger inflation.

Opportunities and challenges coexist in emerging market countries in 2022.

At present, the economies of emerging market countries are growing rapidly, but the financial markets are fragile. During the outbreak of the epidemic, the loose monetary policy of the central banks of major developed economies made the global inflation continue to rise, and the prices and stock markets of emerging market countries were greatly pushed up, and they were "forced" to raise interest rates in response to high inflationary pressures. Obviously, the time of the loosest global liquidity has passed. followFederal ReserveWith the reduction of bond purchases and the tightening of monetary policies by central banks in major developed economies, global liquidity has gradually entered a tightening cycle.

The shift of the Fed’s monetary policy has started to trigger spillover risks, and the tightening of liquidity will bring new shocks to emerging market countries. Some emerging market countries will face the bursting of financial market bubbles and capital flight, as well as the corresponding currency depreciation and financial crisis. Once the Fed enters the interest rate hike cycle, the impact of this spillover risk will be more direct and fierce in the future.

According to the data of the Institute of International Finance, in late November, since the market turmoil caused by the epidemic in March 2020, non-residents’ capital flowing into emerging market assets except China was negative for the first time. In this regard, Brooks, chief economist of the International Finance Association, said: "The willingness of investors to contact emerging markets has dried up." He added, "This is not just a case like Turkey. Turkey’s central bank insisted on cutting interest rates despite the sharp rise in inflation, which led to the sharp depreciation of the country’s currency in recent weeks. This reflects a broader problem, which is the lack of growth in emerging markets. "

Some analysts believe that the global economy may be more difficult in 2022 than in 2021. In addition to the structural challenges faced by global economic transformation, it is also affected by other risk factors, including efficiency loss, price negative feedback and credit crunch in the post-epidemic period, which constitutes the headwind of global recovery. Major research institutions predict that the global economy will continue to recover in 2022, but after the strong rebound of the global economy in 2021, the economic growth rate will further slow down in the next two years. Inflation is still the biggest stumbling block in the sustained global recovery, and the viscosity of inflation is likely to be seriously underestimated, and the global economy is facing the risk of stagflation.

In 2022, the external shocks faced by some emerging market economies increased, and the economic growth differentiation became increasingly obvious. Emerging market countries are worried about the flow of funds to the United States because the Fed’s interest rate hike is expected to heat up gradually. It is expected that the central banks of major emerging market countries will continue to raise interest rates, and most Asian central banks will join the ranks of raising interest rates, except those of Japan and China. Most emerging market countries are facing financial, debt and inflation risks, and the strong drive of commodities will be further weakened. Among the currencies of major emerging market countries, Thai baht, Peruvian new sol, Philippine peso and Korean won are less risky; The risks of Indian Rupee and Indonesian rupees are relatively controllable; Russian ruble, South African rand, Brazilian real, Turkish lira and other currencies are still facing greater risks.

In 2021, the performance of emerging market assets was poor, highlighting that the economic growth rate of emerging market countries failed to keep up with the pace of developed countries. However, 23 emerging market countries eased the impact of inflation by raising interest rates and improved the real return on assets. At the same time, the Asian regionsupply chainThe bottleneck is obviously easing, which also reduces the pressure of rising prices. According to the prediction of Wall Street investment banks, in 2022, the stocks, bonds and currencies of emerging markets will rise in the second half of the year. Most Wall Street investment banks are optimistic about China stock assets and Polish, Czech and Hungarian local currency bond assets.existThe performance of.

Statement: Xinhua Finance is a national financial information platform built by Xinhua News Agency. Under any circumstances, the information published on this platform does not constitute investment advice.

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To sum up, Changan Auchan X7 PLUS has won the favor of many consumers with its spacious interior space, fashionable and atmospheric design and affordable price. As the owner of car home said: "The space of Auchan X7PLUS is really enough for me to use, and it looks cold and atmospheric. I really like this appearance."

The State Administration of Foreign Exchange answered a reporter’s question on the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting the Facilitation o

  CCTV News:According to the website of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on December 8, a few days ago, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (hereinafter referred to as the State Administration of Foreign Exchange) issued the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting the Facilitation of Cross-border Trade and Investment (Huifa [2023] No.28, hereinafter referred to as the Notice). Wang Chunying, deputy director and spokesperson of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, answered a reporter’s question on the relevant contents of the Notice.

  Q: What is the background of the Notice?

  A: Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange has made overall plans for development and security, continued to promote reform and opening up in the foreign exchange field, and promoted the facilitation of cross-border trade and investment and financing. In practice, we are concerned that with the vigorous development of new foreign trade formats and new modes and the increasing diversification of cross-border investment and financing activities, market operators have new and more demands for foreign exchange facilitation. In order to thoroughly implement the deployment requirements of the Central Financial Work Conference that "finance should provide high-quality services for economic and social development", the State Administration of Foreign Exchange carefully investigated market demands, thoroughly summarized the previous pilot experience, and systematically sorted out relevant foreign exchange management policies such as trade foreign exchange receipts and payments, cross-border financing of technology-based enterprises, and foreign direct investment. On this basis, the Notice was formulated and issued, and nine policy measures were introduced to further deepen the reform of foreign exchange management and promote the facilitation of cross-border trade and investment.

  Q: What are the policy ideas in the Notice?

  A: The main policy ideas of the Notice are: at the macro level, strengthen and improve the policy supply in the foreign exchange field, strengthen the systematic integration of policies, deepen reform and opening up around the facilitation of current and capital accounts, and constantly improve the "macro-prudential+micro-supervision" management framework of the foreign exchange market to help build a modern financial system with China characteristics. At the micro level, actively promote the stability of foreign trade and foreign investment, further optimize management processes, simplify operational links, facilitate market operators to handle cross-border trade and investment and financing business in compliance, effectively stimulate market vitality, and better serve the high-quality development of the real economy.

  Q: What specific measures does the Notice take to facilitate cross-border trade?

  A: The Notice introduced four cross-border trade facilitation measures. First, optimize the foreign exchange management of market procurement trade. Banks can use the information of market procurement networking platform in various ways to handle the collection and settlement of foreign exchange online for market procurement merchants. The second is to relax the net settlement of processing trade balance, and banks can handle the balance of foreign exchange receipts and payments for enterprises. The third is to improve the collection and payment of cross-border trade funds under the entrustment agency. When the agent is really unable to handle the collection and payment of foreign exchange in goods trade due to special circumstances, the bank can handle the collection and payment of foreign exchange in goods trade for the client according to the principle of exhibition industry. The fourth is to facilitate the settlement of foreign exchange funds for domestic institutions’ operating leasing business. Domestic institutions that meet the conditions can use their own foreign exchange income to pay domestic operating leasing rents to domestic leasing companies.

  Q: What are the main considerations for the Circular to optimize the foreign exchange management of market procurement trade?

  A: Optimizing the foreign exchange management of market procurement trade, on the one hand, helps the innovation and development of new trade formats such as market procurement, and supports market procurement merchants who entrust third-party customs declaration to handle foreign exchange collection and settlement online in their own names. On the other hand, more banks are encouraged to carry out foreign exchange settlement business of market procurement trade, and banks are supported to flexibly use the information of market procurement trade networking platform according to their own realities such as customer business situation and bank informatization construction, so as to provide more convenient service for market procurement merchants to collect and settle foreign exchange, improve the settlement efficiency of merchants’ funds, and also help banks to save system development costs.

  Q: The Central Financial Work Conference pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen financial support for new technologies, new tracks and new markets. What measures did the Notice take in this regard?

  A: According to our research, some start-up technology-based enterprises are faced with difficulties such as being unable to obtain more cross-border financing due to their small net assets. Therefore, from 2018, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange has continuously strengthened and improved the supply of foreign exchange policies for technological innovation, and introduced cross-border financing facilitation policies for high-tech and "specialized and innovative" enterprises, allowing them to borrow foreign debts independently within a certain amount, greatly reducing the financing costs of enterprises.

  The Notice upgraded the above-mentioned cross-border financing facilitation policies in terms of subject scope, pilot areas and pilot quotas. First, on the basis of high-tech and "specialized and innovative" enterprises in the past, small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises will be included in the pilot subject to support the innovative development of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises; Second, the policy coverage has expanded from the previous 17 provinces (cities) to the whole country; The third is to increase the facilitation quota of the previous 17 provinces (cities) to the equivalent of US$ 10 million, and the facilitation quota of the remaining regions is tentatively set at the equivalent of US$ 5 million, so as to facilitate cross-border financing of high-tech, "specialized and innovative" and technology-based SMEs, while preventing corporate debt risks.

  Q: What policies in the Notice are beneficial for foreign-invested enterprises to develop their businesses in China?

  A: In recent years, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange has continuously simplified business procedures and processes to facilitate foreign-invested enterprises to handle business under capital. In 2020, the reform of facilitating the payment of capital account income will be promoted throughout the country. When eligible enterprises use capital account income such as capital and foreign debt funds for domestic payment, they do not need to provide authenticity proof materials to banks one by one in advance. Since 2022, it has been piloted in four places, including Lingang New Area in Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone, and the domestic reinvestment business of foreign-invested enterprises does not need to go through registration procedures.

  In order to further facilitate the foreign exchange receipts and payments of foreign-invested enterprises, the Notice clearly stipulates that the original asset realization account will be adjusted into a capital account settlement account, and the funds in the account can be settled and used independently. These funds mainly include foreign direct investment and domestic reinvestment, domestic equity transferor receiving equity transfer consideration funds from overseas direct investment, and foreign exchange funds raised by domestic enterprises listed overseas. In the next step, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange will, in combination with the needs of enterprises, promote more capital receipts and payments into the account in an orderly manner to facilitate the use of funds by enterprises.

  Q: What are the main considerations for canceling the approval of opening foreign debt accounts in different places in the Notice?

  A: Actually, the more convenient it is to use an enterprise’s foreign debt account, the more beneficial it is for enterprises to improve the efficiency of cross-border capital use. In April 2022, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Financial Services for Epidemic Prevention and Control and Economic and Social Development, allowing multiple foreign debts of non-financial enterprises to share one foreign debt account, and supporting enterprises to apply for foreign debt registration online and other policies to further simplify the management of foreign debt accounts. The implementation of these policies has improved the convenience of using foreign debt accounts and won widespread praise from market operators. On this basis, the Notice further cancels the approval requirements for opening foreign debt accounts in different places, and allows business entities to open foreign debt accounts in different banks according to actual needs, which is conducive to the better use of foreign debt accounts by enterprises and reduces the "sole" cost of enterprises.

Pangdonglai recreates Yonghui

K figure 601933_0

  Yu Donglai found the problem at a glance.

  "This is unqualified." He just stepped in.Zhengzhou Xinwan Plaza Store pointed to the pet cage at the door. This store is the first "learning from the Fat East" in Zhengzhou, and this pet cage is also an attempt to copy the characteristics of the store from the Fat East.

  Yu Donglai suggested that the person in charge of the store put a layer of fine net in the pet cage, because in their experience, when customers temporarily put their pets in the pet cage, some children would go back and fiddle with it, which might be potentially dangerous. In addition, some customers may feed their pets, which is not safe for pets.

  These service details have become a big label from Fat East. In addition, its single-store profitability has surpassed all the listed companies in the industry, and its net profit has also crushed many head peers. Its founder, Yu Donglai, has been regarded as the "godfather of retail", and he has been collecting apprentices and teaching experience everywhere. One of them is losing money for three years in a row and closing more than 200 stores.

  A "fat east" explosion correction was violently promoted within Yonghui.

  copy homework

  At the end of October, 50 store managers from all over Yonghui quietly came to Xuchang, Henan. They have to learn from the store in Fat East, and rotate to different positions every day, from fresh kitchen to cashier, and learn the management team and store operation with the manager in Fat East. After finishing their studies, they will copy this "Fat East Coming Mode" to Yonghui Supermarket in every detail.

  Behind this, Wang Shoucheng took on the heavy responsibility overnight.

  On October 31st, Yonghui announced that the post-90s generation, who used to be CEO’s business assistant, was promoted to vice president of the company, and served as the head of the adjustment and reform team in the Donglai learning project of Yonghui Supermarket, leading the construction of the operation standard system and promoting the adjustment and reform project.

  In the past 30 days, Wang Shoucheng has moved to Yonghui to change stores. At the age of 33, he has a lot of white hair. At present, Yonghui has opened a total of 14 "Fat East Laihua" stores, including three in Zhengzhou, the hometown of Fat East Laihua, and 11 "Learning Fat East Laihua" independent adjustment stores in Beijing, Xi ‘an, Fuzhou, Chengdu and other cities.

  Wang Shoucheng traveled between these stores. On October 31, he had to go to Fuzhou to attend the opening of the store, but he couldn’t make it a few hours before departure because of the typhoon hitting the high-speed rail. Later, he turned to fly to Guangdong, where Shenzhen Yonghui transferred the store to prepare for opening.

Wang Shoucheng, head of the reform team of Yonghui Supermarket (photo: interface news Lu Yibei)

  "Learning from the Fat East" is a big and comprehensive goal, and the details need Wang Shoucheng and the team to land.

  The first problem to be solved is, which of so many Yonghui supermarkets should be selected for adjustment? Zhengzhou is the first stop, because it is closer to the Fat East and it is more efficient to learn. After leaving Zhengzhou, Wang Shoucheng’s consideration was to choose the city where the headquarters of various provinces, autonomous regions and regions are located.

  "In these places, on the one hand, Yonghui Supermarket has a higher market share, and its influence will be greater after opening." In an exclusive interview with Interface News, Wang Shoucheng said, "On the other hand, these places are also the cities where Yonghui regional headquarters are located, and it will be more familiar and easy for our team to transform the first local benchmark store."

  In Wang Shoucheng’s vision, after the benchmark stores in the region are opened first, the teams in the local provinces and autonomous regions will roughly know what the logic of learning "Fat East" is, and then the provinces and autonomous regions can gradually independently carry out the adjustment and reform of the second and third stores in the provinces and autonomous regions. Some provinces and regions with strong ability and good conditions can be faster. "In the early stage, we often went on business trips, that is, we had to help the provinces to set up the first store for him first." He said.

  But now is not the time for Wang Shoucheng to relax.

  On November 8, Wang Shoucheng appeared in Shenzhen Zhuoyuehui Yonghui Store, introducing the differences of this newly opened modified store to visiting guests and the media.

  At least visually, it has lost the shadow of Yonghui in the past.

  This Yonghui store canceled the stacking of goods in the middle of the main channel of the traditional supermarket. In the retail industry, this aisle can be described as a golden position, because it can catch the attention of consumers first, so it can also sell higher channel display fees. But in Fat East, in order to allow customers to shop and choose goods more freely, it overthrew this tradition.

  "In the logic of Fat East, the convenience of customers is the first priority." Wang Shoucheng said.

  In addition to canceling the stacking, the Yonghui store after the adjustment also draws lessons from the moving line design from Fat East, so customers must see the cashier line at the first time when they enter the store, instead of letting customers circle the shelves to find the cashier. Wang Shoucheng saw in the store of Pangdonglai that even if it is not the main entrance, Pangdonglai has set up a cashier line, and even if customers buy a bottle of water, they can pay directly.

  "In fact, many customers are reluctant to enter the hypermarket because it is too inconvenient." Wang Shoucheng said, "I may only buy a small amount of things before I come out. Let’s go and see if this store is sincere or not, mainly because its cashier line is convenient enough."

  In addition, Wang Shoucheng and the team also removed the common hanging flags and bee horns next to the shelves in Yonghui Supermarket. In the past, these loudspeakers repeatedly played the promotion of "30% off the whole audience" or "buy two and get one free". "These settings give customers a feeling that after I entered Yonghui Supermarket, you are trying to get my money. The change shop is a responsive service, and it is not allowed to force customers to buy and force sales. " Wang Shoucheng said.

The design of the store’s moving line is more optimized, and the pile in the middle of the road is cancelled (photo shoot: interface news Lu Yibei)

  These details of "copying" the fat east are everywhere in Yonghui’s reform stores.

  For example, the overall visual effect of the store has become dark, and the lights in the aisles and ceilings are dimmed, so that the main light is concentrated on the goods, because the products should be lit by lights, so that the whole store is the brightest in principle. It also provides customers with disposable spork, thermal insulation bags, hand washing tables, etc. These very fine but thoughtful services are standard in Pangdonglai.

  In the operation of Pangdonglai, its control degree in details is sometimes almost paranoid, and such detailed services can be summarized into 84 items. However, at present, Yonghui has added more than 30 similar services based on different store conditions.

  Abandon tradition

  In 1998, when Zhang Xuansong and Zhang Xuanning opened the first Yonghui Supermarket near Fuzhou Railway Station, it could let people see the future of local supermarkets in China.

  at that timeAnd Carrefour entered the China market with great fanfare. In order to avoid direct competition with them, Yonghui choseLow-cost fresh food with higher consumption frequency has been cut in, and a retail model of relying on fresh food for daily profit has gradually formed. Later, new retail creatures, such as box horse fresh life, also copied the original model of Yonghui Supermarket more or less.

  But now, Yonghui, once a pioneer, is no longer the object to be imitated.

  It has been struggling in the quagmire of losses for more than three years, and almost lost all the profits in the past six years. From 2021 to 2023, Yonghui Supermarket lost a total of 8.036 billion yuan, while during the six years from 2015 to 2020, it had accumulated a profit of 8.502 billion yuan.

Chart Making: Interface News He Miao

  The golden age of retail hypermarkets has long since disappeared. Carrefour stores have long been few, and 116 stores have been closed in the past five years. Yonghui also made a difficult decision to close 200 stores in 2024.

  Wang Shoucheng also knows that some changes in details and services are only superficial, and the key to success or failure lies in commodities and supply chains.

  In fact, the chronic illness of Yonghui Supermarket and similar traditional retail lies in the aging of business model.

  Specifically, supermarkets and retailers such as Yonghui only provide channels, and charge channel fees to brands and suppliers to make profits by "selling shelves". For example, the top positions of shelves and piles in supermarkets are sold to brands, and new products from suppliers are charged new product fees, entrance fees and exhibition fees. If these new products are not further paid, the goods are often hidden in a deeper position. After entering the store, if the gross profit and sales data within three months are not ideal, it will be eliminated by the store.

  As a result, even if the brand keeps introducing new products, but the suppliers can’t get enough good bunks, these products can’t become explosions or even be removed from the shelves. In addition to the promotion expenses, suppliers have to bear the pressure of prepayment. In recent years, conflicts between channels and brands often break out, which leads to a certain brand’s products choosing to withdraw from a regional supermarket channel.

  In the end, in this mode, suppliers can only add extra fees to the price of goods, which leads to inflated prices of hypermarkets, homogenization of goods, inefficiency of stores, and even corruption in store procurement.

  "For suppliers, products go through factories, distributors and KA systems (that is, the main retail channels). Later, it was found that this model basically did not make money, and the profits were taken away by retail stores." A juice producer told Interface News.

  Yonghui decided to break this pattern and completely "de-KA" like Fat East.

  The core of de-KA is that retail brands directly participate in products, and some high-quality suppliers are selected to enter the store through OEM or co-branding. "In the negotiation process, the supplier will take the cost of entering the channel as a bargaining chip. After reaching the final cooperation, the retailer promises that there will be no entrance fee and bar code fee, and it will not be returned, and the price is more advantageous." The above manufacturer said.

  For example, in Yonghui Supermarket after the reform, you can see the cooperation between "Yonghui Youxuan" series of small hanging pear soup and juice brand Leyuan, the cooperation between glutinous dumplings and Sanquan, and the cooperation between roll paper and Vida brand; In addition, there are two brands, Panpan,Well-known brands such as Lux. In fact, this model is not difficult to see in Fat Donglai and another topical retail brand Oleqi.

"Yonghui Optimization" series (photo shoot: interface news Lu Yibei)

  "After each store in Yonghui is restructured, the entire product structure may be replaced to about 70%, so that the product structure can reach a structure close to that of Fat East, and the gross profit can be earned reasonably by commodity power, instead of earning gross profit by collecting background fees." Wang Shoucheng told the interface news.

  The pain caused by this change is very direct.

  The change store no longer makes profits through channel fees, which directly affects the overall gross profit of Yonghui. Yonghui Supermarket’s comprehensive gross profit margin in the first three quarters was 20.84%, a decrease of 0.79 percentage points compared with the same period of last year, of which the gross profit margin in the third quarter was 19.19%, a decrease of 1.69 percentage points compared with the same period of last year.

  But what Yonghui needs to learn is the retail principle of cooperation between Fat East and suppliers.

  Zheng Tongjian is the senior vice president of Leyuan Health. He started to cooperate with Yonghui when he tried to make his own brand "Master Chan". But in the dual-brand cooperation mode, he can clearly feel the difference.

  "Under this model, the two brands can form a cohesive force, and Yonghui will also tilt its resources to the co-branded products on display." He told Interface News, "Juice products with the same content and quality can achieve an absolute advantage in price, and consumers have brought them some positive feedback in the process of adjustment and reform." After the cooperation, the sales volume of this category exceeded the expectations of both parties.

  This dual-brand cooperation mode is also more efficient than Yonghui’s previous mode of independently running its own brand.

  A self-owned brand OEM who has worked with Yonghui told the interface news that Yonghui’s own brand was an independent department before, covering many sub-brands, such as Master Chan, Tianqu and Yousong. However, in his view, Yonghui’s own brand operation mode itself has problems.

  "The category of private brands adopts the centralized system of headquarters, and there is a price increase rate from headquarters to stores, so many stores are smashed when they purchase goods from the general warehouse." He told the interface news, "this makes the competitiveness and execution of the goods not in place after they finally arrive at the store, and in addition, the separate business department is beneficial to the assessment of embellishment and sales." This profit-seeking model was cancelled only this year with Yonghui’s cancellation of its own brand department.

  In the process of reform, Yonghui also intends to select some suppliers from Fat East for dual-brand cooperation. For example, some suppliers of "Yonghui Youxuan" are also suppliers from Fat East, or choose partners according to the standards of Fat East. When developing these products, Yonghui’s own brand team went directly to Xuchang to work with the team from Fat East.

Yonghui Club intends to select some suppliers from Fat East for dual-brand cooperation (photo shoot: interface news Zhao Xiaojuan)

  Wang Shoucheng also stressed that it needs patience to develop its own brand. Besides dual-brand operation, its own brand is still Yonghui’s commodity strategy to explore the commodity supply chain. Due to the effect of Fat Donglai, at present, enzyme laundry detergent and paper towels such as Yonghui Store all come from the same supplier as Fat Donglai, including pig’s trotters and cooperative factories from Fat Donglai.

  For example, he told Interface News that when Fat Dong came to develop beer, he would tell the supplier that I would give up one more point to improve the product quality, while the traditional retailer’s approach may be that when the product sells well in the store, there is often the idea of deducting one more point.

  A retail industry practitioner also told the interface news that Fat Donglai has extreme requirements for products. According to his understanding, the team that developed its own brand of bean paste before Fat Donglai sought a bean paste production factory that met their requirements all over the country, but after half a year, they didn’t find one that could match the requirements of Fat Donglai, so they simply gave up this single product instead of finding a manufacturer to do it for development.

Chart Making: Interface News He Miao

  Get rid of "class flavor"

  Huang Lihua recently learned to make up.

  She is a clerk in the fruit and vegetable area of Mentougou, Yonghui Supermarket in Beijing. This store has already started its operation before the headquarters went off to carry out the transformation of Fat East. One of the requirements is that female employees require make-up, and their hair needs to be wrapped so that bangs can’t fall off. On the fruit and vegetable cabinets that she is responsible for, there should be no products that have been hurt or pinched after being picked by customers. The ground should also be clean and sanitary, and there should be no stains, water or other garbage.

  Like Fat Donglai, these standards all come from an assessment card with five colors. When the store manager or regional head checks, they will be graded according to the color according to the performance.

  The service praised by people from Fat East is supported by such a detailed assessment standard. In order to make employees fully engaged, Yu Donglai will instill various values about human civilization, fraternity and so on, and provide more generous returns more directly. In 2009, Yu Donglai even bought 70 houses and distributed them to the management at or above the division level, thus basically solving all their housing problems. Part of the hot search from Fat East is about the salary and benefits enjoyed by its employees.

  In this tide of adjustment and reform, Huang Lihua’s salary has also increased from 4,000 yuan to 5,300 yuan now. In the benchmark shop, the salary of the clerk has reached 6000 yuan.

  However, Wang Shoucheng found that raising wages may not be able to achieve the same effect as Fat East.

  "To tell the truth, the fourth-tier cities in Xuchang offer 8,000 yuan, while we only have 6,000 yuan in the first-tier cities. The money you gave him is actually not that high. Why do you ask him to achieve all the standard movements? The employees themselves have not felt the beauty. How is it possible for you to let me pass on the beauty?" Wang Shoucheng told the interface news.

  When he visited the store in Pangdong, he intuitively felt the gap.

  In Yonghui’s fruit store, there may be only three or four categories of grapefruit, but it can be subdivided into eight categories in Pangdonglai. For example, only red-heart pomelo can be divided into three pieces: peeled red-heart pomelo, mini-boxed red-heart pomelo and peeled red-heart pomelo. In the next tasting area, from left to right, there are toothpicks, tasting boxes, wet tissues and dry tissues. These details are all spontaneously thought out by grassroots employees. "It is really enviable that they can focus on and think about how to make the products more suitable for customers’ needs in the store." He said.

  Wang Shoucheng began to think about what went wrong. He observed in Pangdonglai that when Yu Donglai was touring the store, he would stand at the entrance for 5 minutes and 10 minutes to observe everyone’s working conditions. If he saw that everyone was working in a very orderly and happy atmosphere, the operation of the store would not be too bad.

  "When I come back to me, sometimes I see the employees are as tired and unhappy as fighting. It is impossible for you to let him see the customers smiling at once as soon as he looks back." Wang Shoucheng said.

  So in the process of adjustment and reform, Wang Shoucheng asked the team and store managers to implement the layout of the backcourt adjustment first, so that employees can have a place to rest and eat. There is a good office environment, and employees can relax themselves when they return to the backcourt.

  When Yu Donglai came to inspect, he directly pointed out this problem. "Employees should go back to rest at least half a day or one day in advance, take a shower and sleep well, and will be in good condition to come to work the next day." Now, in Yonghui’s reform store, some employees in the food department store area can get off work at 2 pm, while some fresh employees work until around 4 pm because of replenishment.

  Wang Shoucheng also admitted that Yonghui’s current salary of 6,000 yuan is objectively not enough for the clerk to provide the original "Fat East" service. "Don’t feel like giving the employee a raise. What will happen to this employee? This is impossible. It is just a starting point, which is a condition to show your sincere and equal respect for employees. "

  cost account

  Even if the welfare of employees is not completely consistent with the standards of Fat East, the adjustment and reform is a huge pressure for Yonghui, which has suffered losses for three years.

  The information obtained by Interface News from an investor exchange book shows that at present, the cost of Yonghui’s store renovation is 5 million yuan. However, Wang Shoucheng told the interface news that the conditions and facilities for changing stores are different, and the cost is also different. The renovation cost of some stores will exceed 5 million yuan.

  But Yonghui was cruel this time. Wang Shoucheng has a firm attitude. "We must change the store to make money, at least to ensure the salary income of employees, and then the profit will be further improved as the team matures. But we will give you a time, including personnel and goods, and we have made great improvements. At present, everyone understands this direction, unlike the previous system and model that did some useless work. "

  But Yonghui needs too many places for money this year. In addition to the adjustment, Yonghui is stopping losses by closing stores this year. As of November 13th, the number of stores in Yonghui official website has been updated to 801, which is 199 fewer than the number of 1,000 at the end of 2023. That is to say, in the past 10 and a half months, Yonghui has closed nearly one-fifth of its stores.

  Closing the store involves rent withdrawal, rent compensation, employee compensation, supplier payment settlement, etc., which will generate a large amount of capital demand.

  To this end, Yonghui began to pay back by selling assets in December last year, and Yonghui sold its holdings in Chengdu.10% of the shares of a joint stock limited company, with 799 million yuan; In April, it received a price of 378 million yuan from the transfer equity of its subsidiary Yonghui Yunjin Technology Co., Ltd..

  Yonghui, who was forced into a hurry, also began to collect debts.

  At present, a large sum of money from Yonghui comes from the transfer price of Wanda Commercial Management shares held by Yonghui of 4.53 billion yuan, but the recovery of this transaction is not smooth, and the payers Dalian Yujin Trading Co., Ltd., Wang Jianlin, Sun Xishuang and Dalian Yifang Group have defaulted only after paying 890 million yuan. Yonghui filed an arbitration with Shanghai International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission in October this year, and the arbitration has not yet made progress.

  But Wang Shoucheng is optimistic.

  In the dimension of return on investment, he said that he focused on two aspects, one is human efficiency, and the other is human cost rate. Human effect is the average sales per person per day, which is used to measure the efficiency of labor output. The labor cost rate is the proportion of labor cost in turnover. If the growth rate of human efficiency is greater than the growth rate of labor cost rate, it shows that the current labor input cost is worthwhile.

  According to Wang Shoucheng’s disclosure, it’s only one month or two after the store is changed, and its labor cost rate is close to that before the change, and some of them are even lower than the original labor cost rate. This is because the index of human efficiency has improved. "Compared with the human effect of 6,000-7,000 yuan from Fat East, Yonghui has only 3,000 yuan, and some stores have less than 3,000 yuan, but it is 30% higher than before."

  At present, Yonghui’s human efficiency still has room for improvement. If the mature employees can reach 4,000 yuan in the later period, it will further accelerate the cost recovery cycle.

  From the performance point of view, learning from the fat east really attracted customers back-at least in the early days of opening.

  According to the official data disclosed by Yonghui, Shenzhen Zhuo Yue Hui Store, which opened on November 8, attracted a large number of consumers from Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao to experience it. In three days, the consumption passenger flow exceeded 50,000, and the sales volume was about 5.5 million yuan. The average daily consumption passenger flow was about 4.2 times that before the reform, and the average daily sales volume was about 8 times that before the reform.

  The first Yonghui store in Beijing, "Shijingshan Xilongduo Store", paid about 14,000 passengers on the first day, and over 50,000 people entered the supermarket. The total daily sales reached 1.7 million yuan, which was six times more than the average sales the day before the reform. In the base camp of Pangdonglai, Yonghui also performed well. After the reform of Zhengzhou Xinwan Plaza Store, Yonghui Supermarket sold 58.35 million yuan in July, and the average daily sales reached 1.87 million yuan, which was 13.9 times of the average daily sales before the reform.

  The ultra-high sales generated by the continuous adjustment and reform will basically make it easier for stores to recover their costs in the early days of opening.

  According to the above investment exchange report, if Yonghui stores can reach an average daily price of 500,000 yuan, it will basically reach a break-even point. At present, most of Yonghui’s restructured stores can reach the level of 800,000-900,000 yuan after the initial peak daily sales, which has exceeded the expectations before the restructuring.

  If this effect can continue, Wang Shoucheng will have a greater say in property negotiations, further reducing costs.

  For example, Wang Shoucheng said that the property owner of Fuzhou Changle Wanxing Store invited Yonghui to adjust this store, and took out the sincerity of reducing the rent by 50%, in order to be optimistic about the continuous passenger flow that Yonghui brought to the shopping center after the adjustment.

  However, the giant still needs the cooperation of every joint when turning around, and Yonghui is not smooth everywhere in the process of adjustment and reform.

  A middle-level manager of Shanxi supermarket who once went to study in Pangdong told the interface news that the adjustment and reform needed the overall linkage from top to bottom. "Although the wages of employees have increased, the requirements have also increased accordingly. Many store-level managers still manage employees in the old way, and even cause some employees to vomit." He said.

  It is also a challenge to copy the success of the benchmark store to the regular store. According to his observation, a Yonghui supermarket in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province also made a low-key internal adjustment, but because it didn’t sell the brand products of Fat Donglai, the customer flow in that store was sparse. More changes before the adjustment were that the floor was clean and the goods were neat, and the rest did not change much-and this may be the status quo of most stores in Yonghui.

  These phenomena are also seen by Wang Shoucheng.

  "Of course, we are still in the stage of learning from the fat east, and we are still far from the standard of coming from the east." He said, "But now, even if we make a little progress every day, it will be much better than in the past."

  At the critical moment of reform, the appearance of Ye Guofu gave Wang Shoucheng and Yonghui confidence.

  September 23rd, Ye Guofu.Signed an agreement with some shareholders of Yonghui Supermarket to acquire 29.4% of the latter. That evening, Ye Guofu said to investors on the telephone conference, "I will never do anything wrong in retail, and many people can’t understand it. I think this is the best opportunity."

  However, the market doesn’t think so. On the day of the transaction announcement, the stock price plummeted by 16.65%.

  There are many questions about Ye Guofu and Yonghui. For example, the number of stores that accept the adjustment from Fat East is too small and the sample size is insufficient; In addition, it is doubtful whether the "magic" from Fat East can continue to play its role, and whether it will be too rash to buy shares through listed companies.

  Ye Guofu is quite convinced of this. He has expressed his approval for Yonghui’s reform in telephone conferences, personal circle of friends and media interviews. He even bluntly said that in the past, Yonghui’s attempts to be a community store, a green label store, a member store and a super species all failed because the direction was wrong. Now, the adjustment from the fat east is effective.

  "In the past ten years, I have traveled all over the world and seen various retail formats and models. I found that the better retail model than Costco, Sam and Trader Joes was originally in China, that is, the Fat East model." Ye Guofu said. He believes that the "Fat East" model is the only way out for supermarkets in China.

  After taking a stake in Yonghui, this massive reform is still advancing in the voice of doubt. After the opening of each modified store, Yonghui Supermarket will also disclose its business data in a high-profile manner.

  A month later, when Ye Guofu appeared in front of the public again, he didn’t have the urgency to explain himself to the public in September, but he said with some pride, "People in the whole society are saying that I am very lucky and have taken every step right."

  However, it will take some time to decide whether it is the right step to take a stake in Yonghui.